The document follows the Space Force’s inaugural action plan, released in 2024, which sought to guide the service in adopting modernized data and analytic capabilities underpinned by AI. The revised version for 2025 looks to build upon last year’s foundational efforts across four lines of effort and provides details on how guardians will further integrate their fledgling cloud-based data repository.

“In this contested and congested domain, superiority will be defined by our ability to integrate with interagency, allies, and commercial partners to advance data capabilities, real-time analytics, and emerging AI technologies to outpace adversaries and maintain operational superiority,” wrote Col. Nathen Iven, acting deputy chief of space operations for cyber and data.

Several action items in the strategy focus on improving the Space Force’s Unified Data Library (UDL) — a cloud-based data repository that ingests and consolidates data from government and commercial sensors in support of the service’s space domain awareness missions. The platform was launched in 2018 by the Air Force Research Laboratory, but users have previously criticized the UDL’s inability to interface with operational systems.

Following a 2023 report from the Government Accountability Office which detailed a slew of challenges with the UDL — including commercial integration, timeliness of the data and a lack of a single data standard — the Space Force has worked to improve the technology so it can transition from a prototype to a program of record.

As such, the new strategic action plan tasked the Space Force to establish the UDL as an official program of record using the Pentagon’s software acquisition pathways before the end of calendar 2024.

“The Unified Data Library entered the Software Acquisition Planning Phase, as approved by the Service Acquisition Executive, on Nov 13, 2024. This milestone completes the transition of the Unified Data Library from a prototype to an established program of record,” a spokesperson told DefenseScoop.

A capability needs statement for the UDL that was due before the end of March, identifies additional enhancements to the system.

“The U.S. Space Force Capability Needs Statement for the USSF Data Integration Layer was signed and approved by the Space Force’s Chief Strategy and Resourcing Officer on Dec 18, 2024,” the spokesperson said.

Throughout the rest of fiscal 2025, the service will identify and expose data from various space domain awareness sensors to the UDL for analysis by the National Space Intelligence Center, according to the plan. The library will “integrate into Space Operations Squadrons (SOPS) orbital analysis suite and other high value assets” to facilitate data sharing across the Space Force enterprise, “spanning tactical, operational, and strategic levels-and with Combatant Commands, commercial entities and partner nations,” officials wrote.

Beyond the UDL, the strategy calls on the service to improve how it shares data with commercial and international partners by establishing relative policies, guidance and standards.

For example, officials are tasked to create guidance for digital infrastructure and data storage in order to support integration with commercial assets — likely part of a broader effort to increase collaboration with the commercial space industry. In addition, the service is expected to develop standards to enable partners to share data and models via its Operational Test, Training, and Infrastructure (OTTI) environment.

The strategic plan also looks to bolster data and AI literacy across the workforce, appoint data and AI officers to oversee related initiatives at field commands, and strengthen partnerships with other government organizations, academia, industry and international partners.

“Data and AI are critical for a warfighting service that is purpose-built for space superiority. This plan charts a course to foster data literacy, equip our Guardians with cutting-edge technologies, and drive innovation,” Iven said in a statement.

Updated on March 20, 2025, at 11:05 AM: This story has been updated to include comments from a Space Force spokesperson about the Unified Data Library entering the software acquisition planning phase and the capability needs statement.

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The proposals were submitted to Space Systems Command’s (SSC) second annual “Fight Tonight” competition, which calls for the organization’s military and civilian personnel to come up with innovative solutions to some of its most pressing challenges and capability gaps. The goal is to propose tangible ideas that could be fielded within a one-year time frame.

“Under great power competition, it really becomes prudent upon us to make sure that we can credibly not only protect, defend and deter aggression, but if called upon, defeat it at a time and location of our choosing,” SSC Commander Lt. Gen. Michael Guetlein said in a statement. “In order to do that, we can no longer rely on our old processes and ways of doing business, which could take months, if not years, to field a credible capability into operations.”

From the 28 ideas submitted this year, the command chose a project called the Allied Exchange Environment (AXE) for its overall winner.

The capability will create a standardized interface that enables two-way, real-time sharing of data between the United States and its international allies — something that does not currently exist, Lt. Col. Dan Kimmich, SSC’s materiel leader for cross-mission data, said in a statement.

“The systems in place today enable email exchange or chat capabilities, but we don’t have systems to enable machine-to-machine connections to flow data in real time,” Kimmich said. “If a radar in Japan collects data on a space object, how does it share that with [the] United States? It doesn’t, unless an operator in Japan types a message, and that’s prone to error and not timely.”

The data will be from the Space Force’s cloud-based repository known as the Unified Data Library (UDL). The library was designed to gather and disseminate space domain awareness information from government, commercial and international sensors under a single source, and the service is working through plans to improve how the UDL manages space data.

The team that proposed AXE will receive $2.8 million in fiscal 2024 to move forward with its development, installation and software sustainment in support of Australia and Japan, SSC said. Currently, the system is being tested using data collected by the Australian Space Surveillance Telescope, according to a press release.

Space Systems Command chose two projects as runners-up in the competition and also plans to fund those in the next year.

One of those proposals is to use the existing Aalyria Spacetime software platform for orchestrating various types of networks, to improve communications for warfighters.

Made by technology company Aalyria, Spacetime uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to create a digital twin of the Earth and space in order to analyze all of the possible data paths on a network and optimize them based on weather conditions, user requirements and cybersecurity interference — serving as a type of “network broker,” SSC said.

The team proposed to fund a test campaign that would prove the platform could be integrated into a space data transport force design created by the Space Warfighting Analysis Center to provide integrated communications networks, a press release stated. 

The Data Exploitation and Enhanced Processing-Radio Frequency (DEEP-RF) project was also chosen to receive funding. Building upon another data exploitation architecture from a separate project known as DEEP-PNT, the technology intends to fill a gap for constant and expanded radio frequency spectrum monitoring, according to SSC.

“DEEP-RF exploits existing commercial radiometric telemetry data and enables SSC to rapidly surge the number of contributing sensors without building or launching a single new spacecraft,” a press release stated. “This technology rapidly scales, leverages unclassified commercial data, and isn’t limited to space-based sensors — it is being developed in such a way that we can provide actionable and shareable [electromagnetic spectrum operations] products that can be fused with other sources for a more complete threat picture.”

Procurement, fielding and integration of DEEP-RF will be led by Space Systems Command’s Pivot space domain awareness team in collaboration with Joint Task Force-Space Defense Commercial Operations (JCO) Global and the Aerospace Corp., SSC noted.

As work begins to get the top ideas from this year’s competition moving forward, the winning proposal from the first Fight Tonight competition is currently under software development and on track to be operational accepted by fiscal 2025, the Space Force announced Friday.

That project — called Fast Track Reduction Using Machine Learning — proposed using ML with algorithms trained on operational data logs to reduce the number of “false alarm” missile events tracked by Space Force personnel. A team led by Anita McCorvey, director of SSC’s space sensing product support delta, received $3 million in funding after proposing the idea during last year’s Fight Tonight contest.

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